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French frigate Harmonie (1796)
''Harmonie'' was a 40-gun ''Virginie'' class frigate of the French Navy. Her crew scuttled her on 17 March 1797 to avoid having the Royal Navy capture her.
== Career ==
On 7 June 1796, ''Harmonie'' departed Rochefort to ferry weapons and ammunition to Cap-Français, under Captain Joshua Barney.〔Barney was an American naval officer in both the American Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. Between 1796 and 1802 he served in the French Navy.〕 She then cruised in the Caribbean between Havana and Chesapeake Bay, returning to Cap-Français on 17 October.〔Fonds Marine, p.153〕〔''Fonds Marine'', p.178.〕 Lieutenant Simon Billiette took command of ''Harmonie'' on 19 August 1796; he was promoted to Commander on 22 September.〔〔Billiette was also called "Billiet" (Quintin, p.69)〕
In April 1797, ''Harmonie'' was ordered to escort a convoy of merchantmen waiting in Jean-Rabel. She departed Cap Français but on 16 April the ships of the line HMS ''Thunderer'' and HMS ''Valiant'' intercepted her. In the ensuing Battle of Jean-Rabel, ''Harmonie'' sought refugee in the shallow waters off le Marigot, and the ships of the line departed after firing on her with little effect for several hours.〔Troude, p.64〕 The next day, however, the ships returned, and the crew of ''Harmonie'', seeing her hopelessly cornered, scuttled her by fire.〔Troude, p.65〕〔Fonds Marine, p.192〕 Billiette sustained two wounds at the left leg.〔Quintin, p.70〕
On 20 April, the British ships captured most of the convoy that ''Harmonie'' had been tasked to escort.〔 Billiette was court-martialled for the destruction of his frigate, and on 26 April 1798 found innocent of the loss of the ship.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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